哈尔滨市香坊区学龄儿童牛乳蛋白过敏状况调查

作者：郭令鸟，周鹏嵩，刘宁，霍贵成

【关键词】 乳类过敏反应；食物过敏；因素分析，统计学；儿童

【Abstract】 Objective To survey the status of cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) in school age children, and to provide scientific basis for monitoring food allergy. Methods A total of 5 720 students from Xiangfang district in Harbin elementary schools were surveyed by questionnaire, skin prick test and German allergy screen test as a preliminary diagnosis. After that, influential factors related to milk protein allergy were analyzed by use of the collected data. Results One hundred and nintysix students had ever suffered CMPA at least once, 47 students showed positive reaction in skin prick test and German allergy screen test. The prevalence of CMPA was 0.82%. The major symptoms of CMPA were rash, followed by gastrointestinal allergy. In addition to CMPA, they were allergic to other food at the same time. Related factors on CMPA are feeding mode, other food allergy and parental allergy. Conclusion Comprehensive measures including breastfeeding,recommending low allergy baby for mula powder should be taken to prevent and control CMPA.

【Key words】 Milk hypersensitivity;Food hypersensitivity;Factor analysis,statistical;Child

1 对象与方法

2 结果与分析

2.3 CMPA影响因素 Logistic回归分析结果显示，在1周岁前添加牛奶或奶粉、父母过敏史、对其他食物过敏等因素同牛乳蛋白过敏相关（表1）。表1 学龄儿童牛乳蛋白过敏影响因素的Logistic回归分析结果

3 讨论

哈尔滨市6～10岁学龄儿童喂养方式、其他食物过敏情况、父母过敏情况是CMPA的影响因素。有研究发现，母乳可有效降低包括鼻炎、哮喘和CMPA在内的过敏性疾病的发生率［5］。本研究对喂养方式进行调查发现，母乳喂养同CMPA的发生之间有统计学关联，添加奶粉增加了CMPA发生的相对危险。调查显示，父母过敏史同CMPA的关系较大。原因可能是“Carter”效应（多基因遗传）在特应性的遗传性方面的一个例证［6］。因此，在预防和治疗CMPA时，应尽量避免以上危险因素出现，并采取综合措施(包括母乳喂养、对有遗传过敏倾向儿童推荐食用低致敏婴儿配方粉等)。

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